|
| VSO倡导信息发布 |
|
作者：99艾滋 |
|
来源：未知 |
|
日期：2008-6-7 |
| 文章页数[1] |
联合国大会艾滋病高级别会议(UNGASS Meeting) 将于2008年6月10日至11日在纽约举行，VSO的政策和倡导顾问届时将参与本次会议。以下是VSO将在本次会议上关于倡导方面的信息发布。
VSO Advocacy Messages
VSO’s International Advocacy strategy focuses on gender and HIV and AIDS with a focus on a) reducing the burden of HIV and AIDS care on women and girls and b) increasing access to comprehensive, gender-sensitive HIV prevention. In addition, VSO Netherlands, VSO Jiltolee and VSO Uganda are leading advocacy work on HIV and AIDS and disability. Please find key messages for each of these below:
a) Reducing the burden of HIV and AIDS care on women and girls
Background
· 2/3 of primary care-providers in Southern Africa are female, UNAIDS.
· 90% of care for people living with AIDS takes place in the home, UNAIDS, 2004. This care is provided by community care-providers who are predominantly women and girls, and are usually unpaid, unsupported and unrecognised.
· These care providers experience lost opportunities and income, burnout, exhaustion, stress and stigma. They often lack the training and equipment to deliver a high standard of care.
Advocacy Messages
· The High Level Meeting roundtable on gender must include care-provision as a key discussion point and should provide recommendations on this issue.
· Country governments, donors and the UN system should invest more in care and support services, introduce or ensure effective implementation of social protection measures and build the capacity of women’s organisations to develop livelihoods initiatives for women care-providers.
· National governments should commit to establishing laws to recognise and protect the rights of secondary care-providers and provide technical and financial support for community-based organisations to implement the policies.
· National governments and donors should provide accessible social protection mechanisms to support women and girl care-providers, such as rent, children’s education, nutritional support, clothes and other costs.
· Donor governments should fund a comprehensive range of care and support programmes that reduce the burden of care by a) realizing the rights of care-providersto training, equipment, psychological support and compensation b) involving men in delivering community and home based care and c) building the capacity of women care-providers to take leadership and decision-making positions.
· UNAIDS should provide guidelines to support national governments, donors and others to develop comprehensive, gender-sensitive, measurable and realistic national and international care and support targets and indicators that include support to care-providers.
· UNAIDS should revise and update the UNAIDS case study, Caring for Carers (2000), and the WHO care guidelines to provide clear guidelines for governments, CBOs and NGOs on how to develop policies that realize the rights of women care-providers.
b) Increasing access to comprehensive, gender-sensitive HIV prevention information and services
Background
· In Sub-Saharan Africa, for every 10 men living with HIV and AIDS, there are approximately 14 women who are infected with the virus
· Among males who acknowledged having sex with males in Thailand, Studies show HIV prevalence increased from 17% in 2003 to 28.3% in 2005.
· Worldwide, young women (15-24 years) are 1.6 times as likely as young men to be HIV positive
· Deeply entrenched beliefs about female and male sexuality and gender roles mean that women and girls generally have less power than men to decide with whom, how and when they have sex.
· It is therefore crucial that HIV prevention interventions take account of the different experiences, needs, desires and vulnerabilities of women and men, girls and boys and transgender people in order to deliver accessible and effective HIV prevention programmes.
Advocacy Messages
· The High Level Meeting roundtable on gender must focus on scaling up comprehensive, gender-sensitive HIV prevention interventions that are built on evidence of what works.
· The roundtable on gender must acknowledge that gender is not just about women and girls. It must go beyond looking at the issues faced by women and girls to propose interventions that address inequalities between women and men, the impact of dominant interpretations of masculinity on vulnerability to HIV transmission and on issues faced by vulnerable men such as males who have sex with males and transgender people.
· The roundtable must suggest specific measurable activities that national governments and donors can take to “ensure a massive political and social mobilization to address gender inequities, sexual norms and their roles in increasing HIV risk and vulnerability” (Secretary General’s Report, 2008). We make some suggestions in the following bullet points.
· Donors must only fund partners with a comprehensive, evidence-based and gender-sensitive approach to HIV prevention that goes beyond the ABC approach.
· UNAIDS should provide guidelines and technical support for their roll out, to support national governments, donors and others to develop gender-sensitive, measurable and realistic national and international targets for achieving universal access and to ensure that HIV prevention indicators promote comprehensive, evidence-based interventions.
· As suggested by the UNAIDS Expert Consultation on Behaviour Change, UNAIDS should develop “a systematic process to review the gender-responsiveness of HIV programmes”.
· All governments should use UNAIDS guidance to undertake gender assessments of national plans and develop gender indicators to monitor the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions.
· National governments must revise discriminatory laws and policies that limit access to HIV prevention information by vulnerable groups, e.g. those that limit women and girls’ access to property and inheritance, those that outlaw homosexuality or sanction harassment of sex workers.
· National governments must make comprehensive sexuality education mandatory in school curricula and support implementation through policy change and budget commitments.
c) Includedisabled people in HIV and AIDS policies and programming.
Background
· Disabled people make up 10% of the world’s population, around 650 million people. Eighty percent of them live in developing countries.
· Disabled people have not been regarded asa key population at high risk. However they have greater exposure to all known risk factors for contracting HIV than non-disabled people such as: poverty, illiteracy, stigma, marginalisation, use of drugs and alcohol and high risk for sexual exploitation. They also have difficulty accessing HIV&AIDS information and services.
· There are no global estimates of the number of disabled people who are HIV positive.
· Disabled people are not included in the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS (2001) and the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS (2006) and the Secretary General’s report.
· Building the capacity of Disabled People’s Organisations to advocate for their rights to HIV and AIDS information and services is an area of expertise for VSO.
· VSO is working with all stakeholders (governments, NGOs, UN agencies, disabled people’s organisations) in promoting the inclusion of disabled people in HIV and AIDS policies and programming.
Advocacy Messages
· Country delegationsshould bring forward the message that the current HIV&AIDS programmes are not reaching disabled people.
· However, in order to achieve Universal Access by 2010, disabled people need to be included in the HIV&AIDS response.
· Donors, national governments, NGO’s and the UN should recognize the vulnerability of disabled people to HIV, especially women with disabilities, and recognize that they are valuable contributors in the response to HIV&AIDS.
· They should develop policies and programmes that ensure the access of disabled people to HIV and AIDS information and services.
· Indicators on inclusion of disabled people should be incorporated in the international and national monitoring and evaluation mechanisms (for example are disabled peopleincluded in national HIV&AIDS policies and strategies).
· Furthermore referral can be made to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities that was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2006. This Convention obliges states to provide access to sexual and reproductive health including HIV information and services for disabled people.
· You can find a list of countries that have signed and ratified the convention on http://www.un.org/disabilities/countries.asp?navid=12&pid=166 .
For more information, please contact Mike Podmore, Mike.Podmore@vso.org.uk, +44 (0)20 780 7682
Resources:
· News Article on the High Level Meeting
http://www.aidsportal.org/News_Details.aspx?ID=7457
· UNAIDS Website
http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/Resources/FeatureStories/archive/2008/20070115_2008_High_level_mtg.asp
· Secretary Generals report on implementation of the Declaration of Commitment
http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/Resources/FeatureStories/archive/2008/20070115_2008_High_level_mtg.asp
· ICASO Website
http://www.icaso.org/ungass.html
· Country Reports and Shadow Reports
http://www.icaso.org/shadow_reports.html
http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/CountryProgress/2007CountryProgress.asp
 |
|
|
|
|
